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Patients who take the diabetes drugs known as thiazolidinediones may be at higher risk of bone fracture, new research suggests.

In the study, Dr. Ian Douglas of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and colleagues searched a database of more than 6 million patients in the United Kingdom and found 1,819 people aged 40 and older who had had a bone fracture and had been prescribed a type of thiazolidinedione. The drugs were introduced in the 1990s and are used to treat type 2 diabetes.

After adjusting their figures to account for the fact that older people are more likely to break bones, the researchers found that those taking thiazolidinediones had almost 1.5 times as many fractures while taking the drugs as they did when they weren’t taking the drugs. The risk grew the longer the people took the medications.

The findings support previous research that has suggested a link between these medications and bone fractures. But the researchers acknowledge that the study didn’t follow the gold standard of research, which is to randomly assign people to take the drug or not take it.

Still, Douglas and colleagues conclude that the findings “should be taken into consideration in the wider debate surrounding the possible risks and benefits of treatment with thiazolidinediones.”

Don’t discount a bump to the noggin that knocks you out during a soccer game: Researchers report poorer than average thinking skills and reaction times in young soccer players, and particularly female players, who had just one concussion.

Concussions – usually marked by a loss of consciousness — may result in memory loss, slower reaction times, poorer thinking skills, and symptoms such as headache, dizziness, trouble balancing, and nausea. There may be as many as four million sports-related concussions per year.

But questions remain on the severity of a first, versus repeated concussions in male and female athletes, mostly because prior studies were a mix of body sizes, contact sports, and helmet use, note Dr. Alexis Chiang Colvin, at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York, New York, and colleagues.

The current study, in The American Journal of Sports Medicine, tested post-concussion memory, reaction times, and symptoms, in U.S. soccer players of similar body size.

Colvin’s team assessed 141 female and 93 male soccer players from 8 to 24 years old, within 2 weeks of their concussion diagnosis.

Overall, the 101 athletes with a history of prior concussion had poorer memory, ability to process visual images, and reaction times than did 133 athletes without a prior concussion.

Still, compared with male soccer players with concussion, females had significantly poorer – meaning slower – overall reaction time and a markedly higher number of symptoms.

Those findings remained true after adjusting for various factors such as age, grade level, and the number of days after the injury.

Colvin and colleagues call for more studies, particularly of the severity of concussion among female athletes.